第五福音书

大多数人都听说过四福音书——《马太福音》、《马可福音》、《路加福音》和《约翰福音》。但你是否知道,许多圣经学者将《以赛亚书》称为“第五福音书”?这个昵称的由来有多种原因。 与《马太福音》、《马可福音》、《路加福音》和《约翰福音》一样,《以赛亚书》也讲述了基督的生平。祂的第一次降临、死亡和第二次降临都在书中被预言。它为即将到来的救主描绘了一幅相当全面的图景。从这个角度来看,“第五福音书”这一别称是贴切的。 由于对基督生平的强调,加上这个别称,《以赛亚书》的目的常常被视为传福音。例如,哲罗姆(Jerome)曾说,先知以赛亚是一位传福音者,因为他描述了基督的奥秘。人们通常认为,《以赛亚书》中的“好消息”或“福音”指的是通过基督得永生的救恩。 然而,这种对《以赛亚书》的应用存在许多问题。首先,《以赛亚书》是写给以色列民族的,他们是上帝的选民,其中包括信徒和非信徒(1:1-3,40:1)。书的前半部分(1-39章)主要涉及暂时的审判。由于犹大的悖逆,上帝允许亚述人,后来是巴比伦人,压迫并将这个民族掳去。以赛亚所传讲的信息是审判,而不是因信称义的永生。这是这个民族不愿听的信息,他们心硬(6:9-10),导致圣殿被巴比伦人毁坏,并经历了七十年的被掳。 然而,从第40章开始,信息发生了转变,宣告了好消息。但这好消息是什么呢?以赛亚写道: 9报好信息给锡安的阿、你要登高山‧报好信息给耶路撒冷的阿、你要极力扬声‧扬声不要惧怕、对犹大的城邑说、看哪、你们的神。 10主耶和华必像大能者临到、他的膀臂必为他掌权‧他的赏赐在他那里、他的报应在他面前。 11他必像牧人牧养自己的羊群、用膀臂聚集羊羔抱在怀中、慢慢引导那乳养小羊的。(《以赛亚书》40:9-11) 先知告诉以色列人要传扬这好消息,或福音。当第40章开始时,以色列民族正在巴比伦。在这里,先知向这个民族传达了安慰的话语(第1节),即上帝会将他们从巴比伦聚集回来。在被掳七十年后,上帝不会丢弃他们(41:8-9)。上帝将伸出膀臂拯救他们,首先是从巴比伦,如书的后半部分所描述的,最终,通过即将到来的弥赛亚的统治。因此,《以赛亚书》中的救恩是以色列余民的集体的和身体上的拯救,首先是从巴比伦,后来是在大灾难期间。 “第五福音书”确实讲述了好消息。它讲述了一位即将到来的君王的好消息。这位君王将首先通过童女出生,然后受苦并死亡。然而,《以赛亚书》的好消息超越了主的第一次降临,因为它也展望了祂的第二次降临,那时祂将带来一个公义的国度。这位君王将把以色列民族从压迫者手中拯救出来。祂也将复兴以色列,使她成为一个公义的国度。这就是“第五福音书”中所说的救赎和好消息。然而,如果读者试图在《以赛亚书》中找到因信称义的永生信息,他会发现这并不容易。《以赛亚书》有好消息要分享,但不是为不信的人。 为什么这很重要? 《以赛亚书》是一本关于罪、悔改和行为的书。上帝因以色列的失败而责备这个民族。以赛亚呼吁这个民族离弃罪恶,以便从上帝的愤怒中被拯救出来。这种愤怒将在外邦人的入侵中显现。因此,如果一个人将这本书视为传福音的书,他可能会在救恩信息中加入行为,这是危险的。 此外,这还影响我们如何解释某些《新约》经文,例如施洗约翰的事工。正如以赛亚呼吁这个民族通过悔改进而从上帝的管教中被拯救一样,约翰也呼吁这个民族离弃罪恶,为基督的事工做准备。如果他们这样做,他们将免于耶路撒冷的毁灭。遗憾的是,以赛亚和约翰都被忽视了,这个民族先是被巴比伦人分散,然后在公元70年被罗马人分散。然而,《以赛亚书》的好消息仍然真实。上帝并没有丢弃这个民族,有一天祂将再次回来聚集祂的子民。

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