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Bob Wilkin
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雅各的审判台(创49:1-28)

December 29, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in 聚焦恩典 - 以色列, 创49, 十二支派, 审判, 支派, 永恒奖赏, 贝玛, 雅各
我把《创世记》第49章命名为“雅各的审判台”。雅各(又名以色列)对他的众子作出评断,并分配赏赐。在这一章中,我们可以看到对基督徒而言“基督审判台”的预表。 雅各审断他众子的次序,与他们的母亲相对应。首先提到的六个儿子是雅各与利亚所生的;接下来的四个是他与妾所生的;最后蒙祝福的两个儿子,则是拉结所生的。 最后的七个儿子都只得到了非常简短的祝福评语(13–21节,以及第27节,平均每人略多于一节)。这七个分别是:西布伦、以萨迦、但、迦得、拿弗他利和便雅悯。 便雅悯最后蒙祝福,因为他是拉结最小的儿子。 三位年长的儿子——流便、西缅和利未——却从父亲那里领受了责备。这想必是令人十分痛心的。 第3节一开始语气很好:流便是他的长子,是雅各的力量,是他能力的起首,尊荣超众,权势超群。 但在第4节,情况急转直下。流便被说成是不稳定的,“你必不得居首位”。为什么呢?“因为你上了你父亲的床”(见《创世记》35:22)——他与父亲的一个妾同寝。 流便玷污了他父亲的床。 西缅和利未同样受到了责备:“他们的刀剑是残忍的器具。”又说:“我的灵啊,不要与他们同谋;我的心哪,不要与他们联结;因为他们趁怒杀人”(创34:26)。“他们的怒气暴烈可咒;他们的忿恨残忍可诅!” “我要使他们分散在雅各中,使他们散住在以色列里。” 对于这三个儿子,几乎没有一句好话。 虽然他们被剥夺了继承权,却仍然是以色列民族的一部分,并没有失去这个身份。尽管利未支派被分散、没有自己的地业,他们却成为了祭司的支派。流便支派和西缅支派在许多方面也蒙了祝福,只是他们的将来,远没有本可以达到的那样伟大。 在这三位兄弟的身上,我们都看到:一次重大的罪,对他们本人以及他们的后代都产生了深远的影响。 这三位兄弟也形象地说明了这样一类信徒:他们将在贝玛(Bema)前经历责备,但仍然会在国度里,并且永远事奉主。虽然不能完全确定,他们甚至可能预表那些得胜却仍要承受某种责备的信徒。毕竟,经文并没有显示这三位兄弟在晚年离弃了主或背离了信仰。 有五节极其美好的经文是对犹大说的(创49:8–12)。只有他和约瑟得到了如此高度的称赞和如此丰富、详细的祝福。 犹大是那位“你弟兄们必赞美你”的人。 旧约中最著名的经文之一就是《创世记》49:10:“圭必不离犹大,杖必不离他两脚之间,直等细罗来到。” 圭是君王所持的权杖,象征着他们的能力和权柄。 这里的要点是:以色列的君王将出自犹大支派。 第11–12节展望了弥赛亚国度的景象,那将是永恒喜乐与欢欣的时代。酒象征着昌盛与喜乐。 西布伦和以萨迦(13–15节):这可能意味着将来西布伦的地业会通向海岸,并靠近西顿;也有可能希伯来文的意思是“朝向”海(而非“在”海边),表示其地理位置足够接近海域,可以与海上来的人通商贸易。 但(16–17节):名字“但以理”的意思是“神是我的审判者”,第16节正呼应了这一点。然而,第17节对但支派的描述却非常负面。《士师记》18章记载,但支派成了拜偶像的支派,有自己的偶像和自己的祭司。 令人惊讶的是,在《启示录》7:5–8中并没有提到但支派。这对但支派意味着什么,我并不清楚。以法莲支派也没有被提及,尽管约瑟被提到,可能是间接指以法莲。 第18节很可能并不是专门针对但支派说的,反而更可能是雅各个人的期望,而这也是每个支派都应当怀有的期望。 第18节所说的“拯救(或救恩)”并不是指永生,而是指从外邦人统治下得释放,是在弥赛亚君王统治下拥有自己的土地。 迦得和亚设(19–20节):迦得将遭受邻邦的侵扰,但他终必得胜。 亚设将拥有极其肥沃的土地,成为一个非常富饶、多产的支派。 拿弗他利(21节):这是巴拉所在的支派,他与底波拉同工,打破了外邦人的辖制(士师记4–5章)。这是一个居住在高地的支派,这里的形象描绘的是一个强健有力的山地民族。NKJV中译为“言语”的词,更可能应译为“小鹿”,正如KJV所译。 约瑟也得到了极其丰盛的祝福。他的两个儿子已经先前被雅各祝福过了,如今雅各又亲自祝福约瑟(创49:22–26)。 从他而出的两个支派将结果累累,并从神那里领受许多祝福。约瑟经历了许多逼迫和苦难,当他在千禧年国度之前由弥赛亚审判时,他本人和他的后裔都将得着赏赐。 便雅悯被比作一只贪食的狼,吞吃猎物,又分掠所夺的(创49:27)。这可能是积极的形容,但便雅悯支派的历史显示,这一特质也曾被滥用。 许多注释家指出《士师记》19–21章,来说明这个支派的暴力倾向。那段经文记载了便雅悯境内基比亚城的人,凌辱并杀害了一名利未人的妾,这件事引发了便雅悯支派与其他支派之间的战争。便雅悯支派几乎被灭绝,直到为幸存的少数男子提供妻子,这个支派才得以延续。 保罗在《哥林多后书》5:10 中说,所有信徒都必须显现在基督的审判台(Bema)前,为着我们在肉身中所行的事受审,无论是善是恶。 我们也从主在福音书中的教导知道,这审判将是公开的(太6:4、6、18——那些“暗中”所行的事,“你父必在明处报答你”;另参路19:16–26,其中三个仆人都是在众人面前受审)。 我们同样知道,有些人将得着喜乐和称赞,而有些人却要面对责备和羞愧(路19:16–26;约一2:28)。 在我看来,雅各在这里所做的,有点类似主将来在基玛台前所要做的事。当然,那里的审判将涵盖我们整个基督徒的一生,而得着治理的资格,则要求我们一生持守对基督的承认,直到生命的终点。 雅各是一个有信心的人。他善终,死在信心之中。他仰望弥赛亚的来到——也就是我们所说的第二次再来。他渴望弥赛亚在应许之地作王,治理以色列。 雅各一个一个地为他的儿子们祝福。 愿我们也能如此生活,叫我们的生命荣耀并尊荣我们的主和救主,使我们在祂审判我们的时候,能够听见那句话:“好!良善的仆人。”(路19:17) ___ 鲍勃·威尔金(Bob Wilkin)(达拉斯神学院神学硕士,博士)恩典福音派协会(Grace Evangelical Society)创始人及执行主任,聚焦恩典电台(Grace in Focus Radio)联合主持人。他同妻子莎伦(Sharon)住在德州高地村(Highland Village, TX)。鲍勃最新的书有《在一百节经文中的“单凭信心”(暂译)》(Faith Alone in One Hundred Verses)和《回转来活:悔改的力量(暂译)》(Turn
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Should We Be Concerned about Being Too Inclusive? 

December 26, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Blog - exclusivity, Inclusivity
What does it mean for a church or parachurch ministry to be inclusive? The word inclusive refers to including people and avoiding excluding people.   To be fully inclusive is impractical for conservative churches and ministries. A church cannot accept into full fellowship idolaters, sorcerers, adulterers, or anyone who is actively in rebellion against God. Nor can a conservative church or ministry accept those
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Судилище Иакова (Бытие 49:1-28)

December 24, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Бесплатный дар благодати - Бема, Бытие 49, Вечные награды, Двенадцать колен, Иаков, Израиль, Колена, Суд, Судилище Христово
Я называю 49 главу Бытия «Судилище Иакова». Иаков, также называемый Израиль, судит своих сыновей и выдает им “награды”. Эти главы Писания предвещают Судилище Христово над верующими. Иаков судит своих сыновей в порядке их рождения. Первые шесть упомянутых сыновей это сыновья Иакова и Лии. Следующие четыре это дети его наложниц. Последние два сына, которых он благословил,
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Might The Dogs Outside in Revelation 22:15 Refer to Unfaithful Believers? 

December 24, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Blog - Entering the New Jerusalem by the pearly gates
But outside are dogs and sorcerers and sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters, and whoever loves and practices a lie.   Pastor Chet called the other day and suggested that the vices listed here are like those listed in 1 Cor 6:9-11, Gal 5:19-21, and Eph 5:5-7. All three of those refer to believers who will not inherit the kingdom, that is,
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El tribunal de Jacob (Génesis 49:1–28)

December 23, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Su Gracia Gratuita
He titulado Génesis, capítulo 49, “El tribunal de Jacob”. Jacob, también llamado Israel, juzgó a sus hijos y repartió recompensas. En este capítulo encontramos un anticipo del Tribunal de Cristo para los cristianos. El orden en que Jacob juzga a sus hijos corresponde a sus madres. Los primeros seis hijos mencionados son los hijos de
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Ang Hukuman Ni Jacob (Genesis 49:1-28)

December 23, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Ang Tinig ng Biyaya
Pinamagatan ko ang kabanata 49 ng Genesis na “Ang Hukuman ni Jacob.” Si Jacob, na tinawag ding Israel, ay hinatulan ang kaniyang mga anak at namahagi ng mga gantimpala. Sa kabanatang ito ay makikita nating nasasalamin ang Hukuman ni Cristo para sa mga Cristiano. Ang pagkasunod-sunod ng paghukom ni Jacob sa kaniyang mga anak ay
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Il tribunale di Giacobbe (Genesi 49:1-28)

December 23, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Grazia Gratuita - Bema, Dodici tribù, Genesi 49, Giacobbe, Giudizio, Israele, Ricompense Eterne, Tribù
Ho denominato il capitolo 49 della Genesi “Il tribunale di Giacobbe”. Giacobbe, chiamato anche Israele, giudicò i suoi figli e distribuì ricompense. In questi capitoli troviamo una prefigurazione del tribunale di Cristo per i cristiani. L’ordine in cui Giacobbe giudica i suoi figli è in linea con quello delle loro madri. I primi sei figli
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What Is Christian Apologetics? 

December 22, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Blog - Defending the Christian faith
Bible college and seminary students learn about a subject called apologetics.   In our online seminary, GES is offering a free thirteen-week elective on apologetics, taught by Dr. Jeff Spencer.i   New students can apply to the school by clicking here. Once accepted, they will receive an email inviting them to register. If you are a continuing student, simply email: classes@faithalone.org.    Apologetics is related to the word apology, but not in the modern
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What’s Wrong with Calvinism? Part 1

December 18, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Blog - Calvinism, GES Seminary, Total depravity, total inability, TULIP
GES has an online seminary. While the education is quite expensive, our donors are paying the cost of the faculty, teaching assistants, and administrators. Classes are free for the students if they maintain at least a B average.  Starting in January, Dr. Tony Badger, author of Confronting Calvinism, will be teaching a thirteen-week elective on Calvinism. New students can apply to the school by clicking here. Once accepted, they will receive an
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Is Annihilationism Incompatible with Believing in Jesus? 

December 16, 2025 by Bob Wilkin in Blog - annihilationism, Born Again, ECT – Eternal Conscious Torment., John 11:25-27, John 4:1-26
Christian actor Kirk Cameron indicated in a podcast recently that he now thinks that annihilationism, also known as conditional immortality, may be what the Bible teaches. You can see his video here. Ray Comfort, who has done many videos with Kirk, released a response video on Dec 11. See here.   Many others have responded, including our
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